Please Help New English Review
New English Review
New English Review Facebook Group
Follow New English Review On Twitter
Recent Publications by New English Review Authors
Mohammed and Charlemagne Revisited: The History of a Controversy
Emmet Scott
Why the West is Best: A Muslim Apostate's Defense of Liberal Democracy
Ibn Warraq
Anything Goes
by Theodore Dalrymple
Karimi Hotel
De Nidra Poller
The Left is Seldom Right
by Norman Berdichevsky
Allah is Dead: Why Islam is Not a Religion
by Rebecca Bynum
Virgins? What Virgins?: And Other Essays
by Ibn Warraq
An Introduction to Danish Culture
by Norman Berdichevsky
The New Vichy Syndrome:
by Theodore Dalrymple
Jihad and Genocide
by Richard L. Rubenstein
Second Opinion
by Theodore Dalrymple
Not With a Bang But a Whimper: The Politics and Culture of Decline
by Theodore Dalrymple
In Praise of Prejudice: The Necessity of Preconceived Ideas
by Theodore Dalrymple
Defending The West:
by Ibn Warraq
Nations, Language and Citizenship:
by Norman Berdichevsky
Romancing Opiates
by Theodore Dalrymple
Which Koran?
by Ibn Warraq
Our Culture, What's Left of It
by Theodore Dalrymple
What The Koran Really Says
by Ibn Warraq
Life at the Bottom
by Theodore Dalrymple
The Origins of the Koran
by Ibn Warraq
Why I Am Not Muslim
by Ibn Warraq
Spanish Vignettes: An Offbeat Look Into Spain's Culture, Society & History
by Norman Berdichevsky
Leaving Islam
Edited by Ibn Warraq
The Danish-German Border Dispute, 1815-2001: Aspects of Cultural and Demographic Politics
by Norman Berdichevsky
What's Love Got to Do with It?: Emotions and Relationships in Pop Songs
by Thomas J. Scheff

Email This Article
Your Name:
Your Email:
Email To:
Comment:
Optional
Authentication:  
6 + 7 = ?: (Required) Please type in the correct answer to the math question.

  
You are sending a link to...
Georgian Nights, Or, That Mom-And-Pop Quiz
On the 17th of January a mom-and-pop quiz was put up. It went like this:
 
“Two places, one a country, and one a city, have recently been in the news. And the two are linked by a curious fact of literary history.
 
What fact is that?
 
No, that's too much to ask. So I will first tell you that fact. The literary work that has come to be regarded as the national epic of that recently-in-the-news country was composed by a man who, it is widely believed, spent his last years in  that recently-in-the-news city, and that  city is not the capital of that country, but of another country. The quiz requires you to name that literary work and its author, the city in which he is said to have spent his last years, and the country of which that work is considered to be the national epic.” 
 
The correct answer to that week-old mom-and-pop quiz is as follows:
 
The writer is Shota Rustaveli. He wrote what is now considered to be the national epic of Georgia, called “The Knight in a Tiger’s [or Leopard’s] Skin.” Rustaveli, is believed to have spent his last years in Jerusalem, the city which is the capital not of his own country, Georgia, but of another country, Israel.
 
Here is more from Wikipedia:
 
Shota Rustaveli (Georgian: ?????????????) was a Georgian poet of the 12th century, and the greatest classic of Georgian secular literature. He is author of The Knight in the Panther's Skin ("Vepkhistqaosani" in Georgian), the Georgian national epic poem.
 
Little, if anything, is known about Rustaveli from the contemporaneous sources. His poem itself, namely the prologue, provides a clue to his identity; the poet identifies himself as "a certain Rustveli." Now, "Rustveli" is not a surname, but a territorial epithet which can be interpreted as "of/from/holder of Rustavi". The later Georgian authors of the 15th-18th centuries are more informative: they are almost unanimous in identifying him as Shota Rustaveli, a name which is preserved on a fresco and a document from the formerly Georgian Monastery of the Holy Cross at Jerusalem. The fresco was described by the Georgian pilgrim Timote Gabashvili in 1757/58, and rediscovered by a team of Georgian scholars in 1960. The same Jerusalem document speaks of Shota as a sponsor of the monastery and a "high treasurer," thus echoing a popular legend that Rustaveli was a minister at Queen Tamar’s court and retired to the monastery in an advanced age. Both a folk tradition and the 17th-century royal poet Archil identify Rustaveli as a native to the southern Georgian region of Meskheti, where his home village Rustavi was located (not to be confused with the modern-day city of Rustavi near Tbilisi). He is assumed to have been born in between 1160 and 1165. A legend has it that Rustaveli was educated at the medieval Georgian academies of Gelati and Ikalto, and then in "Greece" (i.e., the Byzantine Empire). He must have produced his major work no earlier than the 1180s and no later than the first decade of the 13th century, most probably c. 1205-1207.
 
“Reactionry” doled his winning answer out in bits and pieces. In an earlier posting he had suggested W. H. Auden but couldn’t quite make the “Letter from Iceland” become “national epic” of that land, and upon a quick consultation with the ghost of Viljalmur Stefansson must have realized his mistake. In his second, and successful, entry-post,  he mentions the author-compiler of the Finnish “Kalevala,” but only to dismiss him: “Elias Lonnrot ain’t right.” He was having fun, alluding to a quiz some months ago about Longfellow and Lonnrot. Incidentally, the full-marks winner of that quiz, Paul Blaskowitz, was given credit – at first --  for having read the entire “Kalevala” in Latin. I suddenly realize I still haven’t found, and mailed to PB, the promised prize of a copy of a work slightly less-well-known than his compiled “Kalevala” – Lonnrot’s essay on education in Ostrobothnia.


“Reactionry” explains -- without telling us why --  that he googled “national epic of Georgia.” He undoubtedly googled the phrase "national epic" and "New English Review" and discovered that an expanded variant of it --  "national epic of Georgia"  -- has appeared in past postings at NER.  He then supplies the answers to each part of the quiz, but not all at once, and  not straightforwardly, but by dropping various elements of that answer along the way.
 
First, he mentions the “[n]ational epic of Georgia.”
 
Then he supplies the name of the city, Jerusalem, obliquely and with pretend-uncertainty, by noting that the writer of that Georgian national epic lived for a time “in a Georgian monastery located in….now where was it? “Next year in Monrovia”? Nope. “Next year in Nairobi” [this lifted from a previous post by Rebecca Bynum] Nah…It’ll come to me.” 
 
Then, alluding to still another past posting at NER, one about a quasi-Italian restaurant in Cambridge, England where “pene con crema” was advertised as the Day’s Special, he notes that at his own, invented “Buon Giorno Italia Café” he “didn't see any Rustaveli” on the menu.
 
And finally he supplies the author’s first name, and most of the title of that epic (enough to win the palm, the oak, the bays) in the form of a couplet:
  
“I Shota sorrow into the air,
It pierced a Knight in panther's hair.”
 
In the posting in which the mom-and-pop quiz was offered, readers were told that both the name of the country of that national epic, and the name of the city where the author of that epic had lived in later life had both been in the news. Georgia, in mid-January, had been much in the news because of its presidential election, but the incumbent's former allies, including the glamorous Salomé Zourabichvili (formerly of Paris and the French Foreign Ministry, with indiscreet conceivable billets-doux e-mailed to zourabachvili.gouv.fr), had abandoned him, and the 90% plus of the votes he had won in the previous election was reduced, in this election, to just over 50% of the votes. The city, Jerusalem, had also been in the news, even more than usual, alas, in mid-January because of proposals being considered by the Israeli government, the result of that fateful meeting in Annapolis and its heedless aftermath.
 
But there was also a postscriptum to that posting, containing what I regarded as the best clue of all. However, the winner apparently did not notice it. For if he had, he would certainly have found a way to mention it.
 
Here is that postscriptum:
 
[P. S.: Receipt of a postcard yesterday from a friend now travelling for two weeks in sunny southern Italy prompted this quiz. He'd been making his way slowly to Naples, had stopped for a brief rustication in Avellino, but when he fully took in the news of what has been going on in Naples, of how that fabled Parthenopean port, all pickpockets and pasta,  had become -- one hopes temporarily -- a vast camorra-caused garbage dump, a regular Rifiutopoli, he changed his plans, and in the postcard he announced he'd instead turn northward. The next postcard I receive is likely to have a view of the Florentine skyline at sunset, or of the Ponte Vecchio and the corridoio vasariano in broad daylight, or of the Boboli Gardens at dewy dawn, and any one of those scenes, if that traveller up the boot plays his postcards right -- will trigger a tricky quiz similar to this one.]
 
Now the friend, his two weeks of travel in Italy, the news about the garbage piling up in Naples (the Parthenopean port now described as Rifiutopoli), and that friend’s hasty departure for Florence, was all made up, created for only one reason: to both contain, and disguise, the clue that I wanted to offer. Here is that clue, in the second sentence of the made-up vignette: “He’d been making his way slowly to Naples, had stopped for a brief rustication in Avellino, but when he fully took in the news of….” The sentence should have troubled, because it contains one word that is used in a slightly-off manner. That word is “rustication.” Ordinarily it was used to describe the practice of sending students at Cambridge or Oxford, whose behavior -- and more recently, whose academic performance -- left something to be desired,  away from the university, and back to their  families, for a time. Such students were said to be “rusticated.” The most famous student to be “rusticated” was John Milton, from Christ Church, in 1626 (I once visited a friend who lived in Milton's rooms at Christ Church, but I can't remember if they were Milton's before he was "rusticated" or after).  I suppose that was why he had to offer that apology to Smectymnuus. But  Dryden, Shelley (now lying statuesquely, in ci-gît marmoreal state at University College, Oxford) in the postscript to the postcard the word “rusticated” is clearly being used in a different sense, and the reader has to decide whether the writer is unaware of the word’s real meaning, or is deliberately using it as he wishes to use it, or whether that word possesses another, more general meaning, no doubt derived from the root “rus,” and was assumed to mean something like “settling for an undetermined period in a rural cot, or in rural surroundings.” Had you assumed or concluded any of that, then you might have missed the premeditated clue. But if you thought there was something untoward about that use, something that might merit further reflection, then you would re-read the sentence and find the clue: ““He’d been making his way slowly to Naples, had stopped for a brief rustication in Avellino, but when he fully took in the news of….” But no one, including the winner, did so.
 
The final clue was given in the same oblique fashion. Two musical interludes were put up on January 17. The first was “Daddy, Won’t You Please Come Home.” The second, “You’ve Got To See Mamma Ev’ry Night” was accompanied by a comment:
 
“The previous Musical Interlude was "Daddy, Won't You Please Come Home." The quiz put up, just before that Interlude, was described as "mom-and-pop." An article posted on Thursday night was called "Only Connect." All three prompted the choice of this song.”
 
One might have limited one’s use of that comment to the obvious: the “mom-and-pop quiz” gave rise to both  he musical “Daddy” and to the musical “Mamma” amd thus we have done our bit to “Only Connect.” And my intent, to offer a clue and at the same time to to divert attention away from that offered clue, would have been fulfilled. For the performers of “You’ve Got to See Mamma Ev’ry Night (Or You Can’t See Mamma At All) were named “The Georgians.”
 
He was already allert to the many previous references at this website to the country of Georgia, the Georgia of the Caucasus,. For example, there was. among many such postings, this one:
 
Une Autre Rive, Une Autre Vie [February 2006]

Nobody chose Shota Rustaveli's ??????????????(The Knight in the Panther's Skin)? ----  Mary Jackson

 

I have Rustaveli's national epic of Georgia, in a Soviet-era edition. But I didn't buy it - it was given to me by a Russian whose fondest memories are of Khvanchkara and Kindzmarauli, and toasts by tamadas, and "Georgian Nights." There is something unusual about this, the Georgian national epic. Care to try to guess?
 
And "tiger's" rather than "leopard's" skin is how the Rustaveli title should be rendered.
If you want to drag Shakespeare into this (and who doesn't?) and offer him a walk-on part, then you might go so far as to emend the second part of Robert Greene's cutting phrase and use it to translate the second part of Rustaveli's title: "wrapped in a tiger's hide."
 
But I don't want to be critical, corrosively or otherwise, on this occasion.
 
Instead, I wish to thank you for giving us the opportunity to bring the Republic of Georgia and its fine products and tourist-destination possibilities to the attention of the English-speaking world. The producers of the desert-island disque "Chansons de la Géorgie" ("ne pei, krasavitsa, pri mne...")* thank you. The Wine-Makers Association of Georgia thanks you. The Fondation Bagration thanks you. The Convention and Visitors Bureau of Greater Tbilisi thanks you. The Travel Agency of George Papashvili thanks you. The Committee to Elect Salomé Zourabachvili thanks you. The heirs and assigns of Paul Chavchavadze thank you.
 
A tamada's toast, a toast now, brat'ya, to....well, let's all, at least this once, hail Mary.
_____________________________________
*A Pushkin poem beautifully translated into French by Vladimir Nabokov decades ago, and ending, if memory agrees to serve, "ces chansons de la Géorgie/Leur amertume me rappelle/Une autre rive, une autre vie.”
 
Now, when “reactionry” saw that the second musical interlude was sung by “The Georgians,”he knew he was right. It did not matter that those singing “Georgians” were not the long-lived moustachioed karakul-hatted yogurt-eaters of the wild Caucasian kind,  revelers sitting around the table (za stolom) as the not-impossible tamada directs the toasts, and still more Khvanchkara (Stalin’s favorite wine) is poured, but rather Georgians of the American kind, ces géorgiens-là  of Peachtree Plaza and Peachtree Street and Peachtree Boulevard, the Georgians of Flannery O’Connor’s peacocks in asylum-haunted Milledgeville, the Georgians getting out of the way of Sherman when he exelaunically marched to the sea, the Georgia of “Sweet Georgia Brown” and “Two Tickets To Georgia.” “The Georgians” – that, for the winner, was the clinching clue.
 
In his wintry Vendée, “reactionry” receives almost full marks, a 96. Why do I deny him the last full measure of proud emotion, by begrudgin him those remaining four points?  In order to keep up standards, that's why. Had he discovered the “Rust…avelli” hidden in the mountebank’s postscribal patter about the contents of that non-existent postcard, and noted it, he would indeed have received that perfect score. But he didn’t.
 
Nonetheless, in a display of benevolence, and by way of further disproof of that silly insistence that   "there are no second acts" in American life (all of American life, nowadays, appears to be full of second acts, third acts, tenth, even fifteenth acts) I will give him the chance to earn those four points. All he has to do is to identify, within a reasonable period -- et soyez raisonnable, M. Le  Maistre, M. Reactionnaire! --  a certain non-obvious literary allusion that was embedded, akin to a CNN reporter in one of those superhypallagistic expeditionaryocious Bradley Fighting Vehicles, earlier, with malice aforethought, in this very posting.
 

Most Recent Posts at The Iconoclast
Search The Iconoclast
Enter text, Go to search:
The Iconoclast Posts by Author
The Iconoclast Archives
sun mon tue wed thu fri sat
    1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25
26 27 28 29    

RSS Site Feed
RSS Feed